What, stocks can go down too??

The jaw-boning of the central banks (every word out of the Bank of Canada and Federal Reserve are both to the tone of interest rates to rise forever) have finally had their desired impact – a suppression of demand in the asset markets, which will likely transmit itself to the overall economy, lessening inflation rates.

They’ll probably shut their mouths at some point in time when enough damage has been done. This is reminding me of the trading that occurred during the year 2000 in the Nasdaq – an incredibly volatile year, and the Federal Reserve at that time had the issue of how to withdraw its liquidity stimulus that it pumped into the market in 1999 (remember Y2K?).

Most of the technology starlings, including Shopify (TSX: SHOP), and the like are all sharply down over the past half-year. Psychologically speaking, for those that have held the stock anytime from April 2020 to today, they are now underwater. For those that bought in 2021, they are down roughly 75% on average. How much pain can they take before cutting out?

This is the challenge of investing in companies with projected cash flows in the far future – with Shopify, you have to take a shot in the dark as to when you’ll actually achieve a return on investment (i.e. the company generates positive cash flows which can be subsequently distributed to investors):

This re-rating of Shopify’s future non-earnings, coupled with the speculatively suppression of higher interest rates, clearly has had a very negative effect.

I am just picking on Shopify because it is Canadian, but this is also exhibited by all sorts of other technology darlings of the past. Today, for example, Palantir (PLTR) has been hammered 20%, on the basis of a very tepid quarterly earnings report (which more or less reported a break-even quarter which had all sorts of ‘adjustments’ to claim a positive free cash flow balance).

Don’t get me started on the effect of rising interest rates on cryptocurrency, where you’re going to have every investor on the planet realize that Bitcoin has a carrying cost (why hold onto BTC for zero yield when you can give your money to the Bank of Canada for a year and get 2.5% out of it for nothing?). You don’t hear too much about the scarcity of available Bitcoins these days! We’ll see if Michael Saylor at Microstrategy (MSTR) is forced to liquidate his stack of 129,218 Bitcoins and if so, that will be the margin call of the year for sure. One look at MSTR’s balance sheet and you do not need to be a Ph.D in corporate finance to figure out that his leverage situation is even more precarious than Elon Musk’s reliance on Tesla stock being sky-high.

In these environments, however, the best cliche used to describe things is that babies get thrown out with the bathwater. There are companies out there in the technology field which get lumped in with all of the ETF selling (go look at the holdings of ARKK here!) that do have value (beyond the obvious such as the Microsofts of the planet which will continue to have vast earnings potential due to their wide moats).

However, current free cash flows speak volumes. Companies trading under 5 times free cash flows are going to make mints for their shareholders by continued purchases of their own equity, and for those companies generating cash, shareholders should be cheering for continued lowering prices to generate excess future returns. Those that have prudently managed their balance sheets will be in a much better position to be opportunistic.

Finally, a word for those thinking that commodity investing is a one-way ride – in markets, nothing ever is! Yes, this includes Toronto residential real estate. There has been a lot of what I call ‘energy tourists’ and they have latched onto many of these stocks during earnings time (fossil fuel companies in Q1 have reported insane amounts of profits). There is an urge by many to over-trade and to shift portfolios away from quality into more speculative names (various < 50,000 boe/d with operations of more questionable characteristics) in order to torque up their return profiles. In a rising market, it is the lower quality companies that tend to exhibit the higher percentage gains, while in a flat or declining market, it is the quality firms that will have the sticking power. Stick with quality. It will let you sleep better at night in times like these, much more so than a pre-build contract for a 450 square foot Toronto condominium.

Bank of Canada – Quick macro look

At the close of the week, the 10 year Government of Canada bond yield reached 3.07%, which is the highest it has been since May 2011!

Going 10 more years back in time, it got up to 6% in 2001. How high yields will go, who knows……

My other comment is regarding the first phase of quantitative tightening. On May 1, the first slab of Bank of Canada-held government debt ($12.6 billion) matured and this is the impact it had on the balance sheet of the Bank of Canada:

Note that individual tax return payments were due to the government of Canada by April 30, hence the increase in its deposit balance with the Bank of Canada. However, the important figure is the $200 billion held in reserve by “Members of Payments Canada” (i.e. the big banks) which is declining. Upcoming maturities are $3.1 billion in June and $16.8 billion in August.

Capital is on its way to becoming an expensive resource once again. Position accordingly.

A trip down memory lane – Canadian Oil and Gas AND the institutional pension fund manager dilemma

What’s left of Canadian oil?” – March 29, 2020:

27-Mar-2020: TSX Oil Producers

NameRoot
Ticker
MktCap 31-Jan-2020 ($M)MktCap 27-Mar-2020 ($M)Loss
Suncor Energy Inc.SU61,97325,17259.4%
Canadian Natural Resources LimitedCNQ44,18215,81164.2%
Imperial Oil LimitedIMO23,3439,81657.9%
Cenovus Energy Inc.CVE14,1552,88779.6%
Husky Energy Inc.HSE9,2303,22665.0%
Tourmaline Oil Corp.TOU3,6172,11641.5%
Vermilion Energy Inc.VET2,98558780.3%
ARC Resources Ltd.ARX2,4861,33546.3%
Crescent Point Energy Corp.CPG2,30848179.2%
Seven Generations Energy Ltd.VII2,22248878.0%
MEG Energy Corp.MEG2,02436582.0%
Whitecap Resources Inc.WCP1,97438780.4%

On January 31, 2020 there were 12 companies trading at a market cap of above $1 billion in the space (I removed the non-Canadian ones trading on the TSX). At the end of March 2022, there are about 28 of them.

CNQ is now the top dog with nearly a $100 billion market cap.

CVE bought HSE and is now sitting at around $50 billion.

How things have turned.

The even more interesting factoid is that when looking at CNQ’s quarterly earnings report, they have gone painfully out of their way to avoid telling people how much money they will be making.

The entire complex is trading as if the commodity environment is a ‘transient’ event. As a result, we are seeing very low free cash multiples to enterprise value.

This creates two avenues to earning a return.

One is that you sit on your rear end and wait for these firms to buy back their stock and/or give out dividends and you will earn a return the old-fashioned way – by buying and holding.

The other way is through speculation that the fossil fuel price environment is here to stay for a lot longer than most expect – you will then be a happy recipient of a multiple expansion.

Unlike a technology company stock that promises to pay out a decade from now after making copious amounts of expenditures, most (if not all) of the fossil fuel producers are generating cash today.

What is even more interesting is putting your mindset into the perspective of a pension fund manager.

You have a mandate to earn a return of, say, 7% for your clients. I’m ignoring the fact that CPI has skyrocketed this year (which would inevitably push up this number for the cost of living allowances that are typically given out with defined benefit plans, including the CPP).

On a day like today, both the overall equity market AND the long-term bond market have dropped. Normally there is an inverse correlation between the two assets. This correlation appears to be breaking.

If your pension plan is forbidden from investing in fossil fuels for whatever reasons, the pension managers have to achieve their returns in the rest of the market that does not include fossil fuels.

This is an exaggeration, but it is the financial equivalent of trying to earn a 7% net return on the residential condominium market in Toronto (or Vancouver, take your pick).

Formerly you were able to do it with leverage (e.g. take a 4% gross return and turn it into 7% by borrowing a bunch of money at 2%), but today, you can’t do this in a rising rate environment. Rising interest rates increase the cost of carrying debt, and hence why you are seeing liquidations.

Likewise in the equity and bond markets, the leverage trade appears to be unwinding. Central banks have given fair warning rates are increasing. Unlike in 2017 when rates rose again and inflation was very low, today’s environment has inflation figures that have not been seen since the early 80s.

Physical cash held by Canadians

This is a misleading article.

Globe and Mail article: Canadians are sitting on record amounts of cash – but nobody is sure what to do with the money

More than two years into the pandemic, Canadians’ wallets are still stuffed with cash.

There is currently about $113-billion worth of physical money in circulation in Canada, up by nearly 25 per cent from pre-pandemic levels. As a share of the overall economy, that’s more cash floating around than at any time since the early 1960s.

One problem with this article is that the amount of physical cash has continually been increasing since 1990, but during Covid-19, the rate of growth has accelerated, but not to a ridiculous degree:

This number has increased by around $25 billion during the Covid panic (measured from March 2020). A more “ambient” year-to-year change is around $7-8 billion in supply, which means that about $10 billion in cash was created as a result of the Covid panic. A large amount of money, yes, but nothing compared to the overall monetary base.

What the article should be focused on is the creation of credit during Covid-19, and you can view some evidence of this by examining the monetary aggregates as compiled by the Bank of Canada (I suggest looking at the unadjusted M2++). Needless to say, in our formerly zero-interest rate environment, credit creation has skyrocketed!

Federal Reserve quantitative tightening – what my crystal ball says

The US Federal Reserve today announced they were going to raise the short term interest rate 0.5% and start their QT program on June 1st.

Because this was less drastic than the market was expecting, everything is rallying today because of continued easy monetary conditions, which will surely not help inflation expectations any.

My curiosity concerns the quantitative tightening, which proposes a $30 billion per month tapering starting June 1st, and then going to $60 billion per month on September 1st. This is on the treasury bond side, the mortgage backed security side has a different bucket of money to work with, but I will ignore mortgage backed securities in this post and just focus on treasury securities held by the federal reserve.

We look at what happened in 2017-2019 when the last attempt to do this occurred:

On January 3, 2018, the fed had $2.448 trillion in treasuries on the balance sheet. On January 2, 2019 they had $2.223 trillion, a taper rate of $18.75 billion per month.

The fed ended up crashing the stock market on the fourth quarter of 2018. It was a classic liquidity bust.

This upcoming taper will be faster ($30 billion a month), but it also comes from a much larger asset pool ($5.763 trillion). The taper doubles in September if they do not change things.

Compounding the problem is inflation. Back in 2018 the headline inflation was still very muted – talks of deflation were quite omnipresent. This time around, inflation is very much on the radar of everybody.

The federal reserve meets again on June 15 and July 27, where they have all but signaled rate increases (likely 50bps per meeting). This will still render the fed funds rate at a target of 1.75-2.00%, which by all historical standards is quite low, and especially considering the CPI at around 7%, still deeply negative.

My guess at present is that we are going to get a gigantic market rally in the next few months, especially in the stocks that have been taken out and shot over the past six months (looking at technology and software stocks in particular).

Shopify fans, you probably will be able to get some temporary revenge.

However, the will be temporary. While the rally in prices will be impressive, I do not think they will be sustained after the summer.

I am not a good enough trader to try this, but if I were to take a guess at where the speculative winds are blowing, I would long ARKK-type stocks for a couple months and then get rid of them sometime in August.